CurriculumEncapsulation
Encapsulation
<strong>Encapsulation</strong> is hiding internal data and providing controlled access through public methods. Mark data as <code>private</code>, expose behavior through <code>public</code> getter/setter methods.
01public vs private
Public members are accessible anywhere. Private members are only accessible inside the class. Accessing private from outside is a compile error.
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02Getters & Setters with Validation
Setters enforce rules. Outside code cannot bypass the validation logic inside the class.
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03'protected' Access
Protected is a middle ground: inaccessible from outside, but accessible from derived (child) classes.
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04Chaining Setters (Fluent Interface)
Return
*this from setters to chain multiple calls on one line. Makes code read like English.main.cpp
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05'friend' Functions
A friend function has special access to a class's private members. Declared inside, defined outside. Use sparingly.
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AI Tutor
Without it, any code can corrupt your object. With it, you guarantee health can never go below 0, speed can never exceed the limit, etc.